常見問題 / Frequently Asked Questions

• 消費者常見的問題
• 可以吃飛機上供應的食物嗎？
• 并非所有的乳酪都符合Halal的要求？
• 巧克力是 Haram嗎?
• 明膠可以吃嗎？
• 卵磷脂是否符合 Halal的要求？
• 單雙甘油脂是否符合Halal的要求嗎？
• 凝乳酵素的來源是什么？
• 可以在快餐店吃東西嗎？
• 黃色5號是否符合 Halal的要求？

• Consumer FAQ Menu                               
• Can I Eat The Food Served On Airlines?     
• Isn’t All Cheese Halal?                    
• Is Chocolate Liquor Haram?                      
• Can We Eat Gelatin?                           
• Is Lecithin Halal?                             
• Are Mono And Di-Glycerides Halal?               
• What Is The Source Of Rennet?                
• Can I eat in fast food restaurants?                
• Is Yellow No.5 Halal?      

• 可以吃飛機上供應的食物嗎？

     飛機上提供不同的食物以滿足乘客的不同選擇需求。有低鹽食物、素食食物、海鮮食物和其他類型的食物。一些飛機上甚至供應穆斯林食物。一般有資質的Halal 認證機構對穆斯林食物是不認證的，這就意味著肉類和其他原料是否源于伊斯蘭教屠宰的動物，或是否源于豬肉和酒精，這些都是未知的。當飛機上有大量穆斯林食物需求時，他們將供應經認證的Halal食物。每個穆斯林乘客應該要求Halal 食物，如果沒有供應，也應該確認要求是否被記錄，以便將來考慮安排。要求食品服務部門負責人對你要求Halal食物給予書面回復。這樣才能確信您的要求已轉達到決策者。登記了你的要求后你可以選擇海鮮或素食食物。不要為點了Kosher食物而感到驚訝，只要去確認所點食物是否攙有葡萄酒，就可以了。

• May I Eat The Food Served On Arilines?

Airlines offer a variety of meal choices to meetpassenger needs. There are low-salt meals,vegetarian meals, seafood meals, and others.Some airlines even offer Musilim meals. In general, the Muslim meals are not certified by a qualified halal certified agency. This means it isnot know if the meat and other ingredients are derived from Zabiha animals and are free of pork products and alcohol. Airlines will provide certified halal meals when they see sufficient demand tojustify it. Every Muslim traveler should request a halal meal and, if unavailable, the traveler should make sure the request is recorded so it can be considered by the airline in future. Ask for a letter from the head of the food service section in response to your request for a halal meal. That way, you can be sure your request has reached the decision-maker. After registering yourrequest, you may have to opt for the seafood or vegetarian meal. Don’t be surprised by ording a kosher meal, only to find it has been prepare in wine.

• 并非所有的乳酪都符合Halal的要求？

     生產乳酪要求使用酶凝結或凝固牛奶，還要添加其他用于不同功效的原料。酶來源于動物、蔬菜或微生物。動物來源包括豬和牛。來源于豬的酶被稱作胃蛋白酶（pepsin），是haram的；另外來源于豬或小牛的酶被稱作脂肪酶（lipase）。脂肪酶也可以由微生物生成，由微生物生成的脂肪酶是符合Halal要求的；有一種酶來源于小牛的第四個胃的內壁，被稱作凝乳酵素（rennet）。它來自于伊斯蘭教屠宰的小牛或非伊斯蘭教屠宰的小牛。這種酶也可以通過微生物方法生成。微生物酶的來源不是動物它們是符合Halal要求的。

      凝乳酵素是粗品，含有干燥表面的小牛胃壁。活性酶被稱為凝乳酶（chymosin）。現在，從小牛身上獲得的凝乳酶基因經過復制注入到微生物細胞中后，通過微生物轉基因可以生產提純的凝乳酶。小牛的凝乳酶素仍然被專業的乳酪生產商所使用。此外，來源于豬的酶。例如脂肪酶，仍然用于風味醇濃的成熟干酪生產（如 romano）。今天在北美市場上多數乳酪是有疑問的。但是IFANCA已經認證了一些專業的乳酪。多數乳酪產品都沒有列明酶的來源，這些必須詢問生產商有關酶的來源情況。當然，也有可能在沒有通知的情況下改變了原來的來源渠道。最后乳酪產品可能含有許多其他原料，每種原料都必須經過檢測。

• Isn’t All Cheese Halal?

The production of cheese requires the use of enzymes to coagulate or curdle the milk and the addition of other ingredients for various functions. The enzymes can be derived from animal, vegetable, or microbial sources. The animal sources include pigs and cattle. The enzymes derived from pigs is called pepsin and is haram. Another enzymes derived from pigs or small cattle is lipase. (Lipase can also be made by microorganisms,which is halal.)

One of the enzymes derived from the inner lining of the fourth stomach of calves is called rennet. It may come from Zabiha calves or non-Zabiha calves. The enzyme can also be produced by microbial methods. Microbial enzymes are not derived frommeat and are halal.

Rennet is a crude preparation containing drird, ground linigs of the calf stomach.

The active enzyme is called chymosin. Today, purified chymosin is alsomanufactured through genetic modification of microorganism whenthe chymosin gene from a calf is duplicated and inserted into microbial cells. Calf rennet is still used by specialty cheese manufacturers. Moreover, pig enzymes, such as lipase, are still used in high flavor, ripened cheese, like romano. Today, most cheese in the North American markets are questionable. Howwever, IFANCA has certified some specialty cheese.

Most cheese products do not list the source of the enzyme, so one must ask the producer from where the enzyme comes. Of course, it is possible the source will change without notification.

Finally, cheese products may contain many other ingredients, each of which must also be examined.

• 巧克力是 Haram的嗎?

     巧克力液是一種甜的糖漿含有巧克力、糖和其他成分。它被用于制作糖果飲料和巧克力口味的產品。它不含任何酒精，因此，它不是Haram 的。

• Is Chocolate Liquor Haram?

Chocolate liquor is a sweet syrup containing chocolate, sugar and other ingredients.It is used in making candy, drinks and other chocolate-flavord prodicts. It does not contain any alcohol, so it is not haram.

• 明膠可以吃嗎？

     明膠是一種從脊椎動物的膠原質中通過水解作用獲得的蛋白質產品。目前，豬皮、小牛骨和小牛皮是主要使用的原料，其中豬皮是最常見的來源。

      在焙烤品，冰激凌，酸奶酪、果凍和吉露果子凍（gelatin Jell-O^TM）的備制中，以及在醫療和醫藥行業都要使用明膠。同時，明膠還有其他非食物方面的用途，例如：膠片和無碳復寫紙。

      如果在標簽上有明膠字樣出現，但沒有注明來源，那一般是來源于豬皮和小牛骨，這必須要避免選購。使用經過HALAL屠宰的小牛骨和牛皮是有可能生產出符合HALAL要求的明膠。在這種情況下，明膠會被認證為是 HALAL 的，并在標簽上注明是HALAL 明膠。經由IFANCA 認證的HALAL明膠是由魚骨和經屠宰的小牛制成的，現在這種明膠被運用在食品和藥品行業中。

• May We Eat Gelatin?

Gelatin is a protein product obtained from the collagen of vertebrates, including

pigs, cattle and fish. It is recovered by hydrolysis. The main raw materials used today are pigskins, cattle bones and cattle hide. Of these, the most common source is pigskins.

Gelatin is used in the preparation of baked goods, ice cream, yogurt, jellies and gelatin Jell-O^TM. It is also used in the medical and pharmaceutical industry. Gelatin has other non-food uses, such as photographic film and carbonless paper.

If the word gelatin appears on a label without reference to its source, it is generally derived from pig skins and cattle bones, so it must be avoided.

It is possible to produce halal gelatin by using the bones and hides of halal slaughtered cattle. In such a case, the gelatin would be certified halal and labeledas halal gelatin. IFANCA-certified halal gelatin made from fish bones or halalslaughterd cattle is now available for the food and pharmaceutical industry.

• 卵磷脂是否符合halal 的要求？

      卵磷脂是一種乳化劑，它存在于植物（例如：大豆）、雞蛋黃和其他動物來源中。正如下面所討論的，卵磷脂是化合物，用于使油或脂肪和水在一段時間內被分離開，即阻止油和水分離。

      如果卵磷脂來源于植物、雞蛋黃或按照伊斯蘭法律屠宰的halal動物，那它是符合halal要求的。否則是不符合的。在美國生產的大部分卵磷脂目前來源于大豆，但仍然有可能來源于動物。

      除非成分標簽上注明是大豆卵磷脂或蔬菜卵磷脂，否則您需要與生產商查詢，以確定它的來源。

• Is Lecithin Halal?

Lecithin is an emulsifier. It is found in plants such as soybeans, in egg yolks and in other animal sources. As discussed below, emulsifiers are compounds used to keep oils or fats and water dispersed in one phase(i.e.,they prevent oil and water from separating).

If the lecithin is derived from plants, egg yolks or halal animals slaughtered according to Islamic law, it is Halal. Otherwise it is not. While most lecithin produced in the USA is currently derived from soybeans, it is still possible it might come from animal sources.

Unless the ingredient label says soya lecithin or vegetable lecithin, you ned to check with the producer to determine the source.

• 單雙甘油脂是否符合Halal的要求？

     單雙甘油脂是脂肪的主要構成要素，作為乳化劑使用。乳化劑是化合物，用于使油或脂肪和水在一段時間內不分離（即，阻止油和水分離）

     單雙甘油脂來源于動物或蔬菜。當來源于蔬菜時，它是符合Halal要求的；當來源于動物時，它是有疑問的，并需要大量信息以確定它是符合Halal要求的。

      Halal消費者應該避免選擇含單雙甘油脂的產品，除非標簽上注明是100％的蔬菜單雙甘油脂。單雙甘油脂被廣泛用于很多產品，包括焙烤產品、花生醬、人造黃油、酥油和其他產品。

• Are Mono-And Diglycerides Halal?

Mono and di-glycerides are fatty substances that are used as emulsifiers.

Emulsifiers are compounds used to keep oils or fats and water dispersed in one phase (i.e., they prevent oil and water from separating).

Mono and di-glycerides can be derived from animal or vegetable sources. When derived from vegetable sources, they are halal. When derived from animal sources, they are questionable. More information is required to determine if they are halal.

Halal consumers should avoid products containing mono-and diglycerides unless they are label as 100％ vegetable mono-and diglycerides. Mono –and diglycerides are use in a wide variety of products, including baked goods, peanut butter, margarine, shortening, and other products.

• 凝乳酵素的來源是什么？

     凝乳酵素是用于制作乳酪的酶中的一種。它來源于小牛的胃。當小牛被屠宰后，把胃摘除，用牛奶充填懸掛曬干，曬干后提取粗的凝乳酵素，接著再提純或銷售。如果小牛是依照伊斯蘭教的要求屠宰，那凝乳酵素是符合Halal要求的，否則將不符合。凝乳酵素中的活性成份是凝乳酶，凝乳酶還可以用包括生物技術的其他方法生產出，使用生物技術生產的凝乳酶是符合Halal 要求的。

     如果一個原料標簽上注明有疑問的產品中含有凝乳酵素，則凝乳酵素來源于動物。對于Halal消費者而言，除非知道了實際來源，否則含有凝乳酵素的產品都將被認為是有疑問的。如果是不符合伊斯蘭教法律的小牛來源，該產品將不能被Halal消費者所接受。一般在美國生產的凝乳酵素是來源于不符合伊斯蘭要求的小牛，所以凝乳酵素產品是不被接受的。如果含有凝乳酵素的產品是經過Halal認證的，那么凝乳酵素的來源是符合Halal 要求的。IFANCA已收到很多消費者關于凝乳酵素的詢問，一些人相信凝乳酵素是從活的小牛身上提取的，但實際上不是，凝乳酵素是從屠宰后的小牛身上提取的。

• What Is The Source Of Rennet?

Rennet is one of the enzymes uses to make cheese. Rennet comes from the stomach of young calves. After the calf is slaughtered /killed, the stomach is removed, filled with milk and hanged to dry. After it dries, it is ground up to make crude extract of rennet, which is then purified or sold as is. If the calf is slaughtered according to Islamic requirements, the rennet is halal. Otherwise, it is not.

The active ingredient in rennet is chymosin. Chymosin can also be produced by other means, including biotechnology. Chymosin produced using biotechnology is halal.

If an ingredient label states the product in question contains rennet, then the rennet came from an animal source. As such, items containing rennet must be considered questionable for the halal consumer until the source is known. If the source calf was not processed according to Islamic law, the product is not acceptable for halal consumption. In general, most rennet produced in the US comes from calves that have not been processes in accordance with Islamic requirements, so the rennet produced is not acceptable.

If the product containing rennet is halal-certified, the source of the rennet should be halal. IFANCA has received a number of inquiries from consumers regarding rennet-some believing that rennet is extracted from live calves. This is not the case. Rennet is not extracted from live calves. It is extracted from slaughtered (dead) calves.

• 可以在快餐店就餐嗎？

     IFANCA假定關于快餐店的問題是發生在大部分非穆斯林地區。依據IFANCA的原則，我們是不會認證那些未經以主的名義而屠宰的動物肉類。也不會認證大部分的快餐店內使用的食用肉和家禽肉。

     大部分快餐店供應豬肉，也供應牛肉和雞肉。一個特別的快餐店在隔離產品的程度和雇員處理產品的方式上，對最終的食物有首要的影響作用。除非使用清潔的手套配制每個三明治或在接觸了Haram 物品后和接觸halal物品之前洗手，否則配制品不可避免地會污染halal物品。此外， 有時使用的普通烤架，普通器皿、油炸鍋等都會受到污染。

      總之，IFANCA 是不會對這些快餐店內的大多數食物進行認證的。要使IFANCA 認證，快餐店必須遵守以下要求：

1. 要有符合穆斯林屠宰要求的可接受的 Halal食用肉和雞肉的供應。
2. 要讓所有的食品經 Halal認證，（例如面包、小糕點、油等）
3. 要有現場的操作程序和制度，以防止haram物品與Halal物品交叉污染。這要求有單獨的烤爐、炊具、烤架配備區域、器皿等用于配制 Halal食品。
4. IFANCA要求有穆斯林雇員在場，就備制Halal 食品的要求標準對所有雇員進行培訓。

      我們離達到上述要求還有一些距離，但是隨著更多的穆斯林和非穆斯林對Halal認證產品的要求，更多的食品供應商和快餐店主將會開始按要求供給Halal 食品。

• May I Eat In Fast Food Restaurants?

IFANCA assumes the question concerns restaurants in predominantly non-Muslim societies.

At IFANCA, we have decided that we shall not certify meat that is slaughtered without Tasmiyyah-the recitation of the name of ALLAH-so we would not certify the meat and poultry used in most of three fast food restaurants.

Most restaurant serve pork products as beef and chicken. The degree to which a particular restaurant keeps these products segregated and the manner with which employees handle the products has a paramount impact on the final meal product. Unless preparers use clean gloves to prepare each sandwich or wash their hands after touching haram items and before touching non-haram items, preparer would inevitably contaminate the non-haram items. In addition, common grills are sometimes used, as well as common utensils, fryers, etc.

In conclusion, IFANCA would not certify the majority of meals found in these restaurants. For IFANCA to certify them, the restaurants would have to do the following:

1. Have on-hand an acceptable supply of halal meat and chicken, slaughtered by a Muslin who has recited Tasmiyyah during the slaughter.
2. Have all the other items (bread, buns, frying oil, etc.) certified halal.
3. Have procedure and policies in place that prevent the cross contamination of halal items by non-halal items. This would require separate ovens, cookers, grills, preparation areas, utensils, etc. for the halal items.
4. IFANCA would also require the presence of a Muslim employee and the training of all employees to an acceptable standard understanding of the requirements of halal food preparation.

We are some distance from achieving this at present, however, as more Muslims and non-Muslims demand halal certified products, more providers and restaurant owners will start to accommodate them.

• 黃色5號是否符合Halal要求？

     黃色5號和其他的染料都是由石化產品制成的。當它們單獨存在時，它們是符合 Halal要求的。但是當被用于食品中，則有可能與其他有疑問的或Haram 的原料相混合，例如明膠。有時添加非染料原料以溶解或分離染料，以便在飲料、硬糖或其他食品中使用。當添加標準化原料以控制所使用的染料濃度時，這些都會使含有染料的產品產生不確定性。為了確認含有染料的產品是否符合 Halal要求，你應該向產品的生產商了解染料的其他成分是什么，以及來源是什么。當然，如果含有染料的產品已經過Halal認證，那該產品是可接受的。

• Is Yellow No. 5 Halal?

Yellow No. 5 and all other number dyes (color) are made from petrochemicals. In their pure form, they are halal. However, when used in food products they may be mixed with other doubtful or haram ingredients, such as gelatin. Sometimes non-dye ingredients may be added to dissolve or disperse the dye so that it can be applied in a drink, hard candy, or other food product. Finally, standardizing ingredients may also be added to help control the concentration of dye being used. This cause some doubt about products containing these dyes.

To determine if the product containing the dye is halal, you should ask the manufacturer of the product what the other components of the dye are and from where they come. Of course, if the product containing the dye is certified halal, then it would be acceptable.